The University Honors Committee and the Honors Student Board invite you to browse the Fall 2023 Honors Poster Session as an online gallery. The completion of presentation of an honors project is a requirement for students graduating from the University Honors Program, and it is often one of the most valuable components of their Honors education. 

This semester 62 upper-division students presented at the poster session, including 28 graduating seniors. An additional 7 Outstanding First-Year Honors Mentor Program Award recipients shared their research. Those posters are not included in this online gallery.

The online gallery is organized by college, based on the student's major. Each participating student has provided a project abstract and PDF of their research poster.

We are proud of the students who are presenting their work this semester and extend a special thanks to the faculty and staff who served as project advisors and research mentors.

Laurie Smith Law, Chair
University Honors Committee

Allison Baumhover - Animal Science

Effects of Cu Status on Total Tract Gut Permeability in Dairy x Beef Crossbred Steers

Project Advisor(s): Stephanie Hansen | Advisor(s): Rodrigo Tarte

Abstract: Dairy calves, however, are exposed to higher concentrations of copper (Cu) during gestation than native beef calves due to management practices in the dairy industry resulting in elevated Cu status upon entering the feedlot. Excessive copper accumulation in the liver causes oxidative stress and interferes with important cellular functions which may lead to immune dysfunction and the degradation of epithelial cell junctions – commonly known as “leaky gut”. CrEDTA, an indigestible marker, is too large to pass through healthy epithelial cell junctions and will only be found in the bloodstream of compromised individuals. Therefore, the aim of this investigation was to assess the influence of liver Cu status on the epithelial integrity of dairy x beef steers utilizing CrEDTA. After liver samples were analyzed, steers were sorted into a High and a Low treatment based on liver Cu concentration. On day –1 the steers were trucked for 6 hours before unloading at the Animal Resource Station (Iowa State University) in Ames, Iowa. Steers were separated in two separate pens based on treatment group. On day 0 and day 7, calves were orally administered 500 mL of CrEDTA at hour 0. Jugular blood samples were collected at hour 4.5 on average for subsequent plasma analysis. Plasma Cr concentrations did not differ due to Cu status (Low vs High) on either day 0, representing the post transit period, or day 7, representing peak disease period. While no statistically significant differences were observed between the two treatments, it is important to note that a numerical distinction on day 0, steers on the Low treatment exhibited slightly lower levels of plasma Cr compared to their counterparts in the High treatment. It is crucial to recognize, like most biological processes, that mineral status is just a piece of the puzzle. The complex interplay between Cu, rumen health, acidosis, and illness all contribute to leaky gut.

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Emma Bock – Biology (AGLS)

The Effectiveness of Plant Compounds in Inhibiting Bacterial Growth in Chicken Fecal Samples

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Project Advisor(s): Qijing Zhang | Advisor(s): Em Kapler

Abstract: Campylobacter jejuni is a foodborne bacterial pathogen that causes gastrointestinal illness in humans and abortion in ruminants. Due to its clinical significance and rising resistance to antibiotics, Campylobacter is a major public health concern. Hence, alternatives to antibiotics are needed for effective control of Campylobacter. Cryptolepine is derived from a West African plant and has antimicrobial properties, while carnosic acid is derived from common rosemary and Salvia plant extracts and has been shown to have antibacterial activity. However, it is unclear if cryptolepine and carnosic acid are effective against Campylobacter. The purpose of this study was to determine whether cryptolepine and carnosic acid inhibited Campylobacter under conditions simulating in vivo infection. When added into fecal samples collected from chickens experimentally colonized with Campylobacter, both cryptolepine or carnosic acid produced significant reduction in viable cell counts in a dose-dependent manner. We also measured the killing curve of carnosic acid over a 24-hour period. At twice the MIC concentration and treated for 8 hours, carnosic acid completely killed Campylobacter, while the non-treated control had an increase in viable cell counts, indicating carnosic acid is bactericidal. These results demonstrate the anti-Campylobacter activity of cryptolepine and carnosic acid and their potential as antimicrobial alternatives.

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Darcy Bonds - Horticulture

Exploring the Genetic Diversity of Genes Involved in Plant Fatty Acid Elongation across a Diverse set of Maize Inbred Lines

Project Advisor(s): Marna Yandeau-Nelson | Advisor(s): Cynthia Haynes

Abstract: The cuticle produced by the plant epidermis performs many essential functions. The cuticle is comprised of a cutin matrix that is infused with and laid atop by cuticular waxes. The precursors of cuticular waxes are very long chain fatty (VLCF) acyl-CoAs, which are produced in the Fatty Acid Elongation pathway, in which the 3-ketoacyl-CoA (KCS) enzyme is active. This family shows a significant amount of genetic redundancy, possessing 26 unique KCS-encoding genes in the maize inbred B73 genome. In this study, we examine the genetic diversity of KCS genes across 26 genetically diverse inbred maize lines that are the parental founders of the Maize Community’s Nested Association Mapping (NAM) as well as two additional inbred lines Mo17 and W22. Importantly these maize inbred lines have been sequenced and exhibit structural variations when comparing across genomes, including the presence/absence of gene sequences. The objective of this study is to assess whether the KCS gene family is dynamic in gene number across inbred lines and the breadth of genetic diversity that exists among these genes. This work will shed light on the genetic diversity of KCS genes and provide the foundation for studying potential diversity in function across the gene family.

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Sydney Cuddeback – Agricultural Business, Finance

Succession Planning for Farmers

Project Advisor(s): Michael Bootsma | Advisor(s): Darin Wohlgemuth, Rhaechel Ohge Fritz

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Mason Erger – Biology (AGLS)

Researching a Novel Biosynthesis for GHB

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Project Advisor(s): Scott Nelson | Advisor(s): Em Kapler

Abstract: Several months ago, I discovered a series of internet posts and research articles suggesting novel biosynthesis for the date-rape drug Gamma-Hydroxybutyric Acid, or GHB. Having known several people who have suffered from sexual abuse in their life, this novel biosynthesis was alarming to me. Particularly because the precursor chemicals are easily accessible to the general public, and the synthesis could be performed with no risk of detection in a college dorm room anywhere on ISU’s campus. I arranged to perform a series of experiments to prove or disprove the validity of this synthesis, as it had never been formally performed in a laboratory setting. I utilized a series of different media to grow the organism supposedly able to produce the compound, S. cerevisiae, and provided it with the substrate that supposedly allowed it to do so, Monosodium Glutamate. After several weeks of testing and recording growth speeds, it became apparent that MSG inhibited the growth of S. cerevisiae and furthermore, that S. cerevisiae was incapable of producing GHB in any of the conditions I provided to it.

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Claire Holtkamp – Global Resource Systems, Chemistry

Organophosphates and Epilepsy: Evaluating Toxicity of Nanoparticles used in Epilepsy Treatment

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Project Advisor(s): Thimmasettapp Thippeswamy, Christina Meyer, Dorothy Masinde | Advisor(s): Amanda Chung, Benjamin Noack

Abstract: This study delves into the pressing issue of organophosphate (OP)-induced epilepsy, a prevalent neurological disorder resulting from acute OP exposure. OPs are widely used in pesticides and chemical warfare, yet the current available medical countermeasures are ineffective. The antioxidant, mitoapocynin (MPO), showed limited efficacy orally in rats exposed to an OP. Thus, our research explores three nanoparticle (NP) formulations (CPH:SA, CPTEG:CPH, and a cocktail of the two) as an alternative form of drug delivery for treatment following OP poisoning. The objective of this study was to evaluate NP toxicity when administered intramuscularly in the rat spleen and lung, which is crucial for considering the biocompatibility and bioavailability of NP use in vivo. Results reveal that NP treatment did not alter initial body weight significantly, but acute mononuclear infiltration occurred in the spleen and lung, with CPH:SA showing fewer side effects. Following OP-exposure, acute effects were observed in the lungs and spleen. The conclusions highlight the need for further investigation into NP formulations, dosing regimens, and the route of administration. This project underscores the complexity of NP interactions in the vital internal organs, emphasizing the necessity for future research to draw meaningful conclusions and consider the lasting effects of MPO-NP treatment. Acknowledgment: This project is supported by the by the National Institute of Health/NINDS through the CounterACT Program (R21 NS120916).

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Morgan Kazmierczak – Animal Science

Good Boys with Bad Habits

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Project Advisor(s): Cheryl Morris | Advisor(s): Jennifer Bundy

Abstract: Good Boys with Bad Habits is a booklet designed to educate and promote the Ace Project to prospective students at Iowa State University. Founded by Dr. Cheryl Morris, the Ace Project is an independent study course that teaches students about canine behavior and training through hands-on experience with shelter dogs, agility dogs, service dogs in training, and privately owned dogs. The booklet walks students through a semester in the Ace Project and is broken down into several short chapters. Each chapter discusses a topic, such as a common milestone or challenge faced by students in the Ace Project. While beneficial for all prospective students, a specific emphasis has been placed on supporting students who choose to foster a dog through the course. The ultimate goal of the booklet is to foster the growth of the Ace Project while simultaneously preventing attrition due to ill-prepared student participants. Information for the booklet was collected through Ace Project class resources, online articles, survey responses from current Ace Project participants, and the author’s personal experiences. The final project was created using Shutterfly.

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Julie Lennon – Global Resource Systems, Environmental Science (LAS)

Evaluating the Potential to Reduce Soil Transport at Strategic Flowpaths in western St. John USVI, Using Biological Management Processes

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Project Advisor(s): Emily Zimmerman | Advisor(s): Amanda Chung, Richard Williams

Abstract: Mountainous terrain and high precipitation results in sediment loss from runoff. Sediment settles onto algae, preventing photosynthesis and harming corals, with which the algae are symbionts. Implementing biological management processes (BMPs) where water intersects with roads could reduce the amount of sediment transported downhill. The objectives of this study were (1) Validate points obtained from the model by observing flowpaths, (2) Record structures, vegetation, and topography at each point, (3) Assess potential to implement vegetative BMPs at each point, and (4) Review literature to evaluate types of BMPs. A model adapted for St. John identified 100 probable intersections, which were verified and surveyed to determine suitability for BMPs. Data on accessibility, pavement type, visibility and evidence of flowpath, existing structures, vegetative cover, and elevation were collected at each point. A literature search was conducted to review vegetative BMP techniques and plant species. 68 points had visible evidence of a flowpath. Relatively flat terrain and no existing management structures were selected as criteria for determining priority locations to implement BMPs. 24 articles discussed vegetative techniques, 14 articles suggested plant species, and 8 articles listed groups of plants. Implementation of recommended techniques and plants at priority locations could quantify their reduction potential.

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Rebecca Lynn – Forestry

Wildlife Report on Restored Riparian Buffer in the Bear Creek Watershed

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Project Advisor(s): Richard Schultz | Advisor(s): Richard Schultz

Abstract: During the 1990s a riparian area of the Bear Creek Watershed near Roland, Iowa was restored. Since the restoration project, little research has been conducted to examine the benefits that the project had on wildlife. This study analyzed the current bird, aquatic insect, and mammal species that have returned to the restored section of Bear Creek. The aim of this study was to determine the abundance of species using the riparian area and not the population numbers of each species. The location where Bear Creek joins the Skunk River was used as the control in this experiment. The control has historically been under native vegetation and has not been farmed. The data gathered from this study reflects the habitat quality of Bear Creek and the riparian area surrounding the creek.

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Brenna Mathers – Genetics (AGLS)

Drosophila PTTH Mutants to Analyze Aging and Muscle Function

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Project Advisor(s): Ping Kang | Advisor(s): Alison Esser

Abstract: Prothoracicotropic Hormone (PTTH) is a growth factor that regulates the developmental timing and aging of many insects, including Drosophila. Mutants of the gene encoding the PTTH protein have been shown to impact the larval stages, oenocyte development, and immune response. Underexpression of the gene has been shown to increase lifespan and vice versa. In this study, I’m analyzing the effect of a PTTH knockout mutant where Red Fluorescent Protein (RFP) has been inserted into the gene to disrupt it. Using a climbing assay completed over six weeks, I compared homozygous wild-type flies, homozygous mutant flies, and both crosses of the heterozygous, where we controlled which parent the mutant allele came from. My objective is to determine whether or not PTTH has a similar impact on muscle development and degradation as it does on other developmental processes and lifespan. Understanding the scope of biological processes that PTTH has on insects, both in the early stages and throughout adulthood, can be a useful tool in deciphering similar growth hormones found in humans.

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Sierra McCoy – Forestry

funded by University Honors Grant

Campus Trees of Iowa State

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Project Advisor(s): William Beck | Advisor(s): Miranda Curzon

Abstract: Trees supply many benefits to people, with the trees on campus serving students, faculty, and the public. Campus Trees of Iowa State was created to teach passersby the names, history, and importance of these trees. By forging an interest and appreciation for the trees on campus, there’s hope that a solid foundation of knowledge is developed and will act as a gateway to appreciating urban forests everywhere, as they are often taken for granted. Trees were chosen based on historical significance, aesthetic value, and location, and a mix of species were included to showcase a diverse variety of arboreal concepts. Physical signage was designed and placed for most of the trees involved in the project, and online points were created for every tree. Information for each tree included common name, scientific name, any historical significance of the specific individual or group of trees, and information relating to the genus or species.

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Shannon Morgan – Microbiology

Exploring the Relationship Between miRNAs and Synbiotics as Therapeutic Potential for Dogs with Chronic Inflammatory Enteropathy

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Project Advisor(s): Albert Jergens | Advisor(s): Joan Cunnick

Abstract: Canine inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic enteropathy characterized by vomiting, diarrhea, and weight loss due to intestinal inflammation. IBD is a multifactorial disease triggered by the interaction of environmental factors, mucosal immunity, and host genetics. The use of 2D immortalized cell lines or animal models that have limited translatability to human IBD have fostered the development of intestinal epithelial 3D cell (IEC) cultures called intestinal organoids, lab-grown from biopsy-obtained stem cells. Our focus was on ileal-derived enteroids due to their relevance to human IBD, our goal being to define phenotypic and functional changes between healthy and IBD dogs. After cultivating organoids, RNA in-situ hybridization was performed to target specific epithelial cell surface markers, as well as immunohistochemistry staining. Results followed expectations regarding IBD inflammation. LGR5 stem cell expression increased in IBD dogs, showing greater cell turnover, and ALP downregulation shows decreased absorptive ability of the epithelia. A decrease in intestinal barrier protein indicates leaky gut, and less mucin coincides with intestinal barrier dysfunction and a problem with host immune defenses. These results prove promising in using organoids for IBD research where tissues don’t suffice, and aid in the understanding of how epithelial physiology contributes to IBD development.

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Jenna Plotzke – Global Resource Systems, Environmental Science (AGLS)

Drainage District Main Improvements in Iowa

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Project Advisor(s): Matthew Helmers | Advisor(s): Amanda Chung, Richard Williams

Abstract: Iowa agriculture within the Des Moines Lobe (west/central Iowa) is dependent upon drainage systems to keep the corn and soybean fields producing year after year due to previous glaciation. In the early 1900s, drainage systems became a popular and feasible way for farmers to remove the excess water from these fields. There is a concern that there are drainage systems that are currently in place across the Des Moines Lobe that are under-capacity and the fields will not be drained properly to keep productivity up. This research examined recent drainage main improvement projects to evaluate the percent of projects that move forward, the cost of these projects, and the old and new drainage coefficient. The work found that most drainage main improvement projects have moved forward and the average cost per acre is $800.

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Jordan Sanders – Animal Ecology

Isolation of Porcine Astrovirus 4

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Project Advisor(s): Michael Rahe | Advisor(s): John Burnett

Abstract: Porcine astrovirus 4 (PoAstV4) has been strongly associated with respiratory disease in young pigs. The objective of this project was to isolate PoAstV4 to help determine if the virus causes respiratory disease. PK15 and Caco2 cells were the two cell lines that were identified as possible permissive cells for PoAstV4. In brief, cell cultures were inoculated with viral suspension from infected samples and incubated for 2-3 days. RT-PCR was employed to monitor replication of the virus in cell cultures. The results of isolation attempts indicated little to no viral replication or cell death in tested cell lines. This could be for multiple reasons: it could take multiple inoculations to get the needed amount of cell death, the virus couldn’t grow in those cells, or the virus may require an unknown enzyme to infect. Infected tissue homogenate was also prepared for a porcine challenge study. The results of the study showed that pigs were infected with PoAstV4 before reaching the isolation facility. This was yet another example associating PoAstV4 with respiratory disease. An upcoming study in cesarean derived and colostrum deprived pigs will test if PoAstV4 is a cause of respiratory disease.

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Sarah Schroeder – Food Science (AGLS), Global Resource Systems

An Evaluation of the European Union’s Farm to Fork Strategy: Formation, Feedback, and Moving Forward

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Project Advisor(s): Emily Zimmerman | Advisor(s): Melha Mellata, Amanda Chung

Abstract: The European Union has taken steps to promote long-term sustainable development through the Farm to Fork Strategy. The Farm to Fork Strategy is of global significance, as transitions within the European Union will impact global trade and supply chains and lay the groundwork for future food systems legislation. The research objectives were to synthesize stakeholder feedback on the proposal for a legislative framework for sustainable food systems and Organic Action Plan and form policy recommendations. Content analysis was carried out of secondary, qualitative data found in literature from which common themes were recorded, synthesized, and used to meet objectives. Review of feedback on the proposed sustainable food systems initiative showed support for a comprehensive framework legislation. Stakeholders expressed desire for a common definition of sustainability and the adoption of a true-cost accounting approach. The European Union should move forward with forming a comprehensive framework legislation. For the Organic Action Plan, two stakeholder-identified obstacles to an increased organic food system were insufficient financial incentives and low consumer awareness, both of which are addressed in the adopted Organic Action Plan. Actions should be taken to enhance the economic feasibility of producing and consuming organic products.

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Christina Speicher – Animal Science

Characterization of the Physiochemical Properties of Plant-Based Bigels in Comparison to Animal-Based Fats

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Project Advisor(s): Rodrigo Tarte | Advisor(s): Sherrlyn Olsen

Abstract: Over the years, replacement of animal fat in course ground products has been challenging. Recently, biphasic gel (BPG) systems have been shown to be a potential solution. However, to have universal application, they should be made from plant-sourced ingredients. In this study, we developed and characterized two biphasic gels consisting of an oleogel (OG) phase (92.5% high-oleic soybean oil, 7.5% rice bran wax) and a hydrogel (HG) phase (96% water, 2% soy protein isolate, 2% -carrageenan), combined in 5:5 and 4:6 OG:HG ratios. The BPGs were stored at 2–3°C for 28 days and analyzed every 7 days for color, Texture Profile Analysis (TPA), lipid oxidation, and pH. The color of 5:5 BPG was lighter than 4:6 BPG (P < .05), a difference that is unlikely to be of practical importance. No other color differences were observed. For texture, 4:6 BPG was more resilient than 5:5 BPG. Both gels were softer on day 7 and regained hardness thereafter. pH and lipid oxidation were unaffected by BPG formulation and storage time. Our results indicate that the two gels were comparable to each other in all attributes measured, and that they remained stable under refrigeration conditions up to 28 days.

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Whitney Winter – Animal Ecology

Validation of AIM 2 Research Utilizing Primer Design

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Project Advisor(s): Chris Tuggle, Anna Johnson | Advisor(s): Stephen Dinsmore

Abstract: The objective of this project is to further validate research done by R. Corbett on Parent of parent-of-origin effect in swine (Sus Scrofa). We selected and designed 20 primers for 18 genes previously determined to express varying levels of heterozygosity in a Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP) site. Each primer was tested with a variation of DNA concentrations in order to minimize the total number of DNA needed in order to perform further testing due to the limited sample volume. We determined that 5 nanogram/microliter was the optimal concentration, halving the amount of DNA that is typically needed. Following PCR testing, each successful primer was used to purify its determined gene of interest utilizing PCR. The samples were then sent to be sequenced and a chromatogram was imaged. We then created new methods that were utilized to determine the peak size of the two nucleotide possibilities in the SNP site. This method involved printing a scaled image of the SNP site and utilizing rulers to measure the height of each peak. The measurements were then placed in a ratio in order to determine the accuracy of Corbett's prior research.

Cameron Bristow – Marketing, Entrepreneurship

Creating a Marketing Case Study Competition for Undergraduate Students

Project Advisor(s): Susan Fleming | Advisor(s): Kelly Pistilli

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Luella Gaskell – Finance

The Morality of a Cup of Coffee: Current Events and Global Influences on Small Colombian Coffee Farmers

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Project Advisor(s): Annemarie Butler | Advisor(s): Kelly Pistilli

Abstract: Most ethical analyses of the coffee supply chain are from the perspective of the consumer and how they can affect change. However, there is relatively little research on arguably the most impactful aspect of the coffee supply chain: the resources and programs that support the people that grow this popular bean. This paper will apply governmental and NGO provided resources available for Colombian coffee farmers to the ethical framework provided by Civera et al. regarding empowerment actions for smallholder coffee farmers. A description of the coffee supply chain, a brief history of coffee in Colombia, and an examination of the resources offered through government programs and local organizations will set the groundwork for the discussion. This analysis acknowledges the challenges that smallholder coffee growers in Colombia face, and how these challenges impact the efficacy of these resources. In comparison to Civera et al.'s highly theoretical framework for empowering these groups, the existing resources are clearly the more situationally appropriate. These resources are far from a perfect solution, but they come from a more relevant perspective to the needs of smallholder coffee farmers and are better able to mitigate risk on their behalf.

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Taylor Larner – Accounting

An Analysis of Accounting Student's Career Paths After Graduation

Project Advisor(s): Jim Kurtenbach | Advisor(s): Kelly Pistilli

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Emily Shatek – Finance, Agricultural Business

Public Carbon Pipeline Sentiment

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Project Advisor(s): Kristine Tidgren | Advisor(s): Kelly Pistilli, Dawn Walker-Chalmers

Abstract: Carbon capture pipelines transfer liquified carbon dioxide from manufacturing sites to be sequestered deep underground for permanent storage. As of Fall 2023, three companies (Summit Carbon Solutions, Navigator CO2 Ventures, and Archer Daniel Midlands Co., partnering with Wolf Carbon Solutions) have proposed plans and are working to purchase easements from landowners. Amid ongoing controversy surrounding these pipelines in Iowa, public hearings to grant a permit, which gives a public company eminent domain rights, began in August of 2023. Research was done, and a survey was conducted to understand the process and proposals, along with current landowner and tenant sentiments. Twenty-four respondents completed the survey, which was sent out for voluntary participation through the Iowa Center for Agricultural Law and Taxation. It was found that supporters have likely already sold easements, and opponents have strong feelings against doing so. Farmers and tenants across Iowa have some knowledge on the topic, but not as much as perceived. Current agriculturalists' opinions on carbon sequestration's ability to deter climate change, stabilize the corn market, and operate safely vastly differ. These findings reaffirm that proposed carbon capture projects are highly polarizing and will serve as a historical basis for future analysis on the topic.

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Kaitlyn White – Accounting

COVID-19 Provider Relief Funds and the Impact on Healthcare Organizations

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Project Advisor(s): Clay Thomas | Advisor(s): Kelly Pistilli

Abstract: This study investigated the effects of the COVID-19 Provider Relief Fund distributions given to healthcare organizations across the United States as a response to the pandemic in 2020. The provider relief funds aimed to help support and alleviate pressure from healthcare organizations during an unprecedented time. However, given that this was an unprecedented event, it poses the question: did these funds have their intended effect? Various types of payments and targeted populations are discussed in depth in the research paper. Analyzing articles assessing the effectiveness of these funds on healthcare organizations across the nation and interviews with a couple of local Iowa Hospitals, was the bulk of my research. I also compiled a list of providers within the state and the corresponding amount they received and attested to to further my research. Ultimately, the COVID-19 Provider Relief Funds were found to be very beneficial to healthcare organizations across the nation, specifically in Iowa. Consequently, it is fair to conclude that the PRF distributions had their intended effect.

Nora Alarifi – Architecture Professional Degree

The City of Saudi Cultures and Traditions

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Project Advisor(s): Mikesch Muecke | Advisor(s): Jeremy Miller

Abstract: The project is a culture city that consists of five sections. Each section represents the culture and traditions of a different region in the Kingdom (the northern region, the southern region, the central region, the eastern region, and the western region). The project shows Saudi culture's uniqueness. Location in Riyadh, the Saudi capital, targets tourists and is a main center of traditions and Saudi cultural differences in dialects and customs, and food. The project will benefit the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia for 2030, serve national occasions, and be a center for traditional celebrations such as Janadriyah Day, Dates Festival, National Day, and Founding Day.

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Jazmin Terrell – Art: Integrated Studio Arts

Grounds for Growing a Dye Garden

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Project Advisor(s): Amy Harris | Advisor(s): Erin Quinn

Abstract: Textile dyes, once a rare and expensive treat, are now readily available on shelves and off-the-rack clothing. Technology marked a consequential shift in our development of color. We no longer dye our clothes by hand with ideas passed down in recipe books, instead relying on fast fashion industries to concoct color with synthetic and environmentally harmful dyes. What if we return to a time when color was more sustainable, forgeable, or something derived from backyard gardens? Natural dyes are composed of basic salts and minerals combined with pigment-dense materials like flowers to create beautiful shades of colors on fabric. These dyes have an earthy and lively quality that outshines chemically derived synthetic colors. This project reveals the possibilities of natural dye with materials foraged around Ames, grown in Iowa, or accessible to the region to highlight the beauty of self-sufficiency. There are great possibilities that a local dye garden in Ames would provide to the community and university and the resulting colors that empower us to be more environmentally conscious. Using ancient techniques of extracting and applying color to cloth, this project unearths the mystery of natural dyes by using modern resources and learning a process steeped in history.

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Sierra Wroolie – Architecture Professional Degree

Mass Timber Manhattanism's

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Project Advisor(s): Peter Zuroweste | Advisor(s): Jeremy Miller

Abstract: Mass Timber Manhattanism’s connects the city’s native landscape while paying homage to the strong cultural roots of Chinatown. The design serves as the connection between the historical ecology and the contemporary demographic. Through the rewilding of the groundscape and the cultivation of the roofscape, these spaces serve as an urban oasis, blurring boundaries of what public space looks like in the city. The proposal rewilds the groundscape with native ecology- Blackhaw, Starved Panic Grass, Daisy Fleabane, and Butterfly Weed all provide vital habitats for wildlife and bring life to the city. These ecologies also intersect the culture of Chinatown through tea. The Lenape used the roots and leaves of these plants for tea and medicinal purposes. The skyscape is cultivated with Camellia Sinensis, a tea plant native to China and India. These ecologies unite through vertical circulation, an exterior fire-escape-esque staircase. The staircase serves as a symbolic front porch, embracing the idea of semi-public space while preserving the distinct identity of Chinatown. Similarly, one of the guiding principles of the design is preserving the multi-generational culture through flexibility. As a synthesis of ecology, culture, and adaptability, the design serves as a connection: uniting residents with their context.

Hunter Davenport – Kinesiology & Health, Biology (LAS)

Comparison and Evaluation of SLAKEs and Cornell Aggregate Stability Tests

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Project Advisor(s): Marian Kohut | Advisor(s): Lisa Phillips, Em Kapler

Abstract: The COVID-19 pandemic has caused over 6 million deaths and over 750 million infections worldwide to date. Although several effective vaccines are available for protection against COVID-19, many have not received a vaccine. Certain communities may be less likely to receive a vaccine, and the factors that underlie this decision are complicated. Health disparities influence vaccine hesitancy, but the reasons contributing to vaccine acceptance or hesitancy vary. Indigenous communities are of interest, as these communities have faced countless challenges leading to generations of distrust and intergenerational trauma. This project aims to identify factors contributing to vaccine uptake or potential vaccine hesitancy in the Meskwaki Community. To better learn how members of the Meskwaki Community understand the science of vaccines and how the ideals and beliefs of a smaller, underserved community align with other underserved groups. In this project, surveys will be administered to members of the Meskwaki Community to identify the factors that influence vaccine uptake. It’s expected that key themes will emerge from the results that reflect a history of intergenerational trauma that influences vaccine uptake. With this information, it may be possible to develop new strategies to address health disparities among this community and potentially other underserved communities.

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Elizabeth Marlow – Kinesiology & Health

Examining Motivational Factors and Barriers for Performing Arts Attendance at Iowa State University

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Project Advisor(s): Cason Murph, Ken Tsai | Advisor(s): Tom Parker

Abstract: Motivation is a topic that has been studied and analyzed for decades. Previous research has been completed regarding motivation in attending performing arts for adults in three major metropolitan areas. This study adds to this line of research by analyzing the motivation of undergraduate college students at Iowa State University and their motivation in attending on campus, university affiliated performing arts events. Utilizing the survey results of a randomized group of Iowa State University undergraduate students, I seek to discover what factors motivate students to come to university performing arts events, and what factors are barriers in students attending university performing arts events.

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Rebekah Petersen – Pre-Athletic Training

ACL Injury Risk Factor Differences in Directional Jump Landings between Female College-Aged Ballet Dancers and Athletes

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Project Advisor(s): Jason Gillette | Advisor(s): Mary Meier

Abstract: Female athletes suffer ACL injuries in non-contact sports at a higher rate than males. However, only 0.05% of professional female ballet dancers suffer an ACL injury compared to 12.2% of high school female soccer players. There is a knowledge gap as to why the injury rates between these groups are dramatically different. This study investigated whether an amateur female ballet dancer displayed lower ACL injury risk factors than a high school and a college female athlete during jump landings. Participants completed forward, right, and left single-leg jump landings at a length of 50% body height. The risk factors assessed were posterior ground reaction force (GRF), knee valgus angle, knee flexion angle, and external knee valgus torque. The results showed that the dancer’s maximum knee valgus angle was higher than the college athlete, while the high school athlete’s maximum posterior GRF was higher than the dancer. The results suggest that dancers may land with less deceleration, which reduces the risk of ACL injury, but may land with their knee angled more inward, which increases risk of injury. Further testing is needed to confirm these results and to determine whether ballet could be beneficial for female athletes to improve jump landing technique.

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Emma Schluttenhofer – Elementary Education

Critical Literacy for Elementary Children

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Project Advisor(s): Missy Springsteen-Haupt | Advisor(s): Floyd Athay

Abstract: As a future elementary school teacher with endorsements in reading and language arts, I was interested in learning more about structured literacy during off times and its implication on learners. The project sought to examine the relationships between structured education and its direct effect on children’s literacy perspectives. Participants, at the targeted educational levels of kindergarten through fifth grade, were gathered for a qualitative interview to assess their personal attitudes on literacy. This initial interview served as the starting point for all participants. Following this interview, half of the participants, serving as the experimental group, were invited to attend a day-long literacy workshop that focused on the fundamental aspects of reading, writing, and speaking. The participants who attended this workshop were then re-interviewed for the second time with the same literacy-based questions. Those who did not attend the literacy workshop, serving as the control, were also re-interviewed around the same time with the exact same literacy-based questions. The responses from both groups were assessed and analyzed after the completion of the workshop. This analysis was done by comparing the responses between the first and second interviews, as well as comparing the responses between the experimental and control groups.

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Luke Westrick – Nutritional Science (H Sci)

The Effect of Chicken Egg Proteins on Bacterial Conjugation of Antibiotic Resistance Plasmids

Project Advisor(s): Melha Mellata | Advisor(s): Matthew Rowling

Abstract: Horizontal gene transfer of antimicrobial resistance characteristics is a point of concern as it relates to controlling unwanted contamination in industry or the human body. The latter is our area of focus as many diseases may arise from antibiotic resistant bacteria populating the gut microbiota. Antimicrobial resistant characteristics are typically carried on plasmids and are transferred between bacterial species through the process of conjugation. In conjugation a donor bacterium has the machinery to extend a pilus that attaches to a recipient that has the receiving machinery to accept the foreign plasmids. This process is a point of regulation, and the basis for our investigation on how certain dietary chicken egg protein may influence this process. The protein contained in a chicken egg is rich, as it is meant to support and protect the embryonic development of the organism. With this, the experimental interventions use specific chicken egg proteins integrated into conjugation solutions containing known donors and recipients to measure their effects on this process. We quantify the extent conjugation from E. coli APEC to E. coli HS-4 by enumerating the amount of bacterium that grow on different differential mediums selecting for original donor, recipient, and antimicrobial resistant recipient species. We predict that the selected egg proteins will inhibit bacterial conjugation, thus preventing the spread of antimicrobial resistant traits amongst bacterial populations. If our experiment supports our hypothesis then this experiment may pave a pathway for dietary recommendations to introduce more chicken eggs into the diet as a therapeutic for diseased states.

Isaac Bradford – Agricultural Engineering

Comparison and Evaluation of SLAKEs and Cornell Aggregate Stability Tests

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Project Advisor(s): Dan Andersen | Advisor(s): Lindsay Frueh

Abstract: Soil aggregation is the binding of multiple soil particles into secondary groupings. The stability of an aggregate refers to the tendency of the soil particles to remain bound under different environmental conditions. Aggregate stability is one aspect of soil health, with increased aggregate stability often correlated to reduced erosion from less particle dispersion, improved water retention from a diversity of soil pore sizes and increases infiltration due less potential for soil crusting. There are multiple tests for aggregate stability, and two will be compared in this work. The SLAKEs app and the Cornell Wet Aggregate Stability Test. SLAKES is a mobile application that uses change in projected surface area of soil aggregates as a function of time to calculate a Slaking Index from the ratio of areas at times of zero and ten minutes. A Cornell Infiltrometer is used to test aggregate stability under a simulated rainfall event. The soil left aggregated at the end of the event is considered stable soil and calculated as a percentage. Soil samples were collected from field trials in Nashua, IA where plots are under a range of field management techniques, including no-till, strip till, varying nitrogen fertilizer sources, and annual and perennial cover crops. Soil samples collected at these plots were analyzed using the SLAKES and Cornell Aggregate stability tests. Soil samples were tested repeatedly with each method to evaluate test consistency, compared to each other using correlation analysis evaluate relationship, and then used to analyze statistical differences among the differing crop management treatments to assess sensitivity.

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Cainan Davidson – Mechanical Engineering

Image to CAD Mode Framework for Biomedical Applications

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Project Advisor(s): Aishwarya Pawar | Advisor(s): John Wagner

Abstract: Computer-aided design (CAD) models can be used in several applications where pure medical imaging cannot. These applications range from enabling numerical analysis of stress and strain to creating augmented reality environments for use during surgery. Current methods for 3D representation of organs utilize STL files, which lack the continuity necessary for numerical analysis. The proposed framework can be outlined as a series of steps that converts medical imaging data into a CAD model. The first step is to separate the feature of interest from the image in a process called segmentation. The second step is to convert the outer pixels of the segmented feature into a series of points called a point cloud. The third step is to create a mathematically defined surface that best fits the point cloud. The defined surface can finally be imported into design software as a CAD model. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans of the brain are used to showcase the development of this process. The framework performs extremely well on the MRI data, producing an output with minimal reconstruction error even with the presence of artificial noise. More complex structures, such as white matter, however, require significant manual intervention to produce an acceptable output.

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Ellie Diersen – Aerospace Engineering

Survival Guide for Young Women in Aerospace Engineering

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Project Advisor(s): Kristin Rozier | Advisor(s): Andrew Albaugh

Abstract: The main goal of this project is to provide a guide for young women who are pursuing a degree in the aerospace engineering field. When I was a first-year aerospace engineering student at Iowa State University, I had no idea what aerospace engineering was and how to overcome the obstacle of being a minority. This survival guide will provide advice and lessons-learned from other women who have had similar experiences and overcame the challenges of being a woman in a male-dominated industry. The information has been gathered into both a brochure with main pieces of advice that can be distributed and a website that has details for people that want to learn more. Any young woman will be ready to take on a career path in aerospace engineering with help from my survival guide.

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Megan Hellman – Biological Systems Engineering

Assessing Water Quality and Gas Emissions of Habitat and CREP Wetlands

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Project Advisor(s): Sara McMillan | Advisor(s): Lindsay Frueh

Abstract: The goal of my project is to determine the water quality and climate regulating effects of wetlands restored for wildlife habitat compared to wetlands designed to treat agricultural drainage. Wetlands play an essential role in nutrient cycling due to their anaerobic conditions and optimal living conditions for denitrifying bacteria. Denitrifying bacteria convert nitrogen in water to nitrogen gas, diverting it from accumulating in waterways. Microorganisms also release greenhouse gases, like methane, through decomposition of organic matter. The rates of nutrient removal and gas production are variable and depend on many factors, including vegetation type, water and soil quality, weather, and climate. This research project will allow us to compare water chemistry and greenhouse gas production to vegetation and wetland types. My hypothesis is that wildlife habitat wetlands will provide similar water quality benefits, even though that is not the intended purpose. We will sample four CREP wetlands and four habitat wetlands monthly. We will use analytical chemistry equipment to quantitatively assess the water quality. The outcome of this project will connect what is known about restoration to achieve project goals targeting water quality and wildlife and help managers and conservationists decide the optimal restoration approach to take.

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Aaron Hendricks – Mechanical Engineering

Campus Emergency Shelter Validation

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Project Advisor(s): Clayton Oliver | Advisor(s): Aliza Mackenzie

Abstract: This project aimed to evaluate the emergency shelter capabilities on Iowa State University's campus by analyzing a selection of buildings and suggesting improvements to increase shelter capacity. Building data and emergency shelter maps were utilized to determine the maximum daily occupancy and current shelter capacity of each building. Inspections of the selected buildings were conducted to analyze the state of the marked shelter locations and identify areas for consideration as additional shelter locations. The current and proposed shelter capacities were reported in relation to the maximum daily occupancy, highlighting the buildings that require additional resources from the university to meet their shelter needs. These findings contribute to the university's emergency preparedness efforts, emphasizing the importance of utilizing available spaces to ensure the safety and well-being of the campus community during unforeseen events.

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Kyle Herbst – Mechanical Engineering

Does an Engineering Background have an Impact on Leadership?

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Project Advisor(s): Dave Sly | Advisor(s): John Wagner

Abstract: If somebody were to look into the leaders of top companies in the world, it would be found that many have some sort of engineering background. Big names such as Jeff Bezos, Elon Musk, and Satya Nadella all have a strong background in engineering. To explore this topic, three main questions were developed: 1) Do leaders with an engineering background perform better than those without one? 2) What types of leadership roles do engineers often take? 3) Is there any reason engineers are often found in leadership roles? Multiple metrics were used to search for the answers to these questions. The annual profit and company valuation of the top 200 CEOs of the 2023 Fortune 500 list were analyzed to compare performance between leaders with an engineering background and those without. Previous research done by Charles E. Beck was used to determine what types of roles leaders with engineering backgrounds often take. Harvard Business Review’s CEO rankings were also analyzed to search for any possible trends. After the research, it became apparent that engineering is the second most common background among leaders of Fortune 500 companies, and an engineering background has a positive impact on quality of leadership.

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Daniel Kaye – Industrial Engineering

Childcare and Education Across Cultures

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Project Advisor(s): Amanda Knief | Advisor(s): Devna Popejoy-Sheriff

Abstract: The purpose of this project was to explore the differences between the United States and Sweden regarding their approach to childcare and early childhood education. Particularly how historical factors led each country to its current paradigm. The inspiration for this project came from the semester I spent studying abroad in Stockholm and living with a Swedish host family. Through that experience, I gained a unique cultural insight and anecdotal understanding which I sought to solidify with this project. The current state of each country at the time of writing was very different with the United States offering little to no government support or legislation and Sweden offering comprehensive legislation for both children and parents. This discrepancy meaningfully impacted how parents engaged with the workforce and children prepared for their primary education.

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Ohik Kwon – Electrical Engineering

Efficient Structure for Confining Conductive Filament of Memristor

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Project Advisor(s): Liang Dong | Advisor(s): Vicky Thorland-Oster

Abstract: Memristor, a novel nanoelectronics device with great potential due to its resistive switching property, is considered a prospective device for neuromorphic computing and future AI computation resources. However, the lack of understanding of the Memristor’s physical principles has degraded its potential. In this research, we tried to deepen insight into the physical principles of Conductive Bridging Random Access Memory (CBRAM) through first-principles simulation and previously proposed compact Verilog-A-based modeling based on the previously fabricated Al/Cu/GaOx/Au CBRAM by Raufur from Professor Liang Dong’s group. From the first-principles simulation using the Density Functional Theory method with Nudged Elastic Band methods, we could see that Copper’s low ion migration energy barrier, or activation energy, plays a significant role in making CBRAM more power efficient. However, while fitting the Verilog-A-based model based on values from the first-principles simulation, we could see some discrepancies not explained in our limited research. That presents that there were still some missing physical principles not included in the previously proposed Verilog-A model and shows the need for further research to develop inclusive compact modeling that embraces the entire physical principles of CBRAM.

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Gregory Ling – Electrical & Computer Engineering

Embedded Testing Platform (Compute Tester) for Solar Car Club

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Project Advisor(s): Nathan Niehart | Advisor(s): Vicky Thorland-Oster

Abstract: Solar Car Club uses a collection of small printed circuit boards we call compute modules throughout the car. These are the primary programmable unit used in every application board in the car that requires software functionality and communicate among themselves through a large CAN bus. These are critical systems in our car, but we have no reasonable means of diagnosing failures or verifying that a newly-assembled compute is safe to use in the car. For this project, I created a handheld testing unit into which a Compute module (S+ or Nano form factor) can be inserted. It has the ability to test the power-on sequence, identify solder bridges, check the ADC and DAC readings are reasonable, and verify the CAN transceiver is working appropriately. In addition, the tester has the ability to store the current car's firmware in an on-board micro SD card and reprogram new compute modules in the field, an external CAN connector to aid in full-vehicle debugging, and a battery for mobile operation. This project focused on the hardware design and verification of the tester, and I am currently guiding new members in writing firmware for the tester to help them explore more complex embedded programming tasks.

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Jessica Melville – Aerospace Engineering

Cultivating a Sense of Belonging for Female Engineering Students

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Project Advisor(s): Kristin Rozier | Advisor(s): Tyler Hoenig

Abstract: This project examined how students create belonging in the College of Engineering, specifically focusing on gender-minority students. The project surveyed 127 undergraduate students from all engineering majors about three main topics: how students interact in class and group settings, how students build community and belonging in engineering, and the impact of WiSE and SWE in helping female students build community. The survey also gathered feedback on potential ways to educate students and faculty about gender diversity in engineering and available resources. The findings from this project agree with prior research that gender-minority students are less likely to feel they belong. Prior research also found that involvement in professional and social organizations and learning and residential communities increases community and belonging. These are reflected in the project results. While the proposed methods for faculty education have not been studied, research shows that instructor availability, course support, and mutual respect increase belonging. Many students supported educating faculty and students on gender diversity in engineering, available resources, and allyship. The data collected in the survey was shared with the Office for Equity and Engagement in the College of Engineering for use in future diversity, equity, inclusion, and belonging initiatives.

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Katherine Meyer – Mechanical Engineering

Development of a Microfluidic Device Enabling Characterization of the Hydrodynamic Transport in the Human Glymphatic System

Project Advisor(s): Todd Kingston | Advisor(s): Mindy Heggen

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Rebecca Patush – Materials Engineering

Hydrogels for Biomedical Applications

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Project Advisor(s): Alina Kirillova | Advisor(s): Andrea Klocke

Abstract: One of the most promising biomaterials is hydrogels, as they can be used for a variety of soft tissue engineering applications. Hydrogels are crosslinked hydrophilic polymers capable of absorbing large amounts of water. This study looks into a potential application for hydrogel films in optometry. Several eye procedures require suturing of the cornea, which is a delicate tissue. This technique can be challenging for optometry students to perfect as cadavers are not only limited, but preservation techniques also change the physical properties of the cornea. Synthesized hydrogel films could potentially be a low-cost alternative that simulates living corneal properties, making them a promising resource for optometry students to practice suturing techniques. Poly(2-hydroxyethylmethacrylate) (pHEMA) hydrogels can be synthesized relatively easily and tuned to have specific mechanical properties. These films and potentially scaffolds could eventually be 3D printed with customizable resins, allowing them to have tunable properties and be fully reproducible.

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Aaron Schoon – Mechanical Engineering

Aerosol Jet Printing for Integrated Surface Sensors

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Project Advisor(s): Ethan Secor | Advisor(s): Kirsten Hauge

Abstract: Aerosol Jet Printing (AJP) is an increasingly popular manufacturing technology that facilitates the fabrication of small electronic circuits. With its wide range of material compatibility, AJP is useful for prototyping and low-volume production. In addition, it is useful in many sensor applications. For this project, using AJP to develop surface-integrated temperature sensing devices, particularly thermistors, was of interest. Temperature is an important factor in the functionality of many designs and can be the difference between a design functioning properly or failing catastrophically. Especially in electric cars, temperature is a critical design factor, where overheating can lead to batteries exploding or starting on fire. Although monitoring temperature with non-printed thermistors is possible, AJP is a way to directly integrate thermistors onto surfaces without the extra processes for attachment needed by non-printed thermistors. To support the development of printed thermistor design, this project focused on characterizing the nickel oxide ink used for printing and creating modeling methods for NTC thermistors. While complications with the ink characterization process inhibited the design of reliable printed thermistors, a modeling methodology was created to accurately depict resistance versus temperature behavior for future printed designs.

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Mary Thatcher – Chemical Engineering

Probing Cell Traction Forces on Collagen Attached to Polyacrylamide Via Different Functionalization Chemistries

Project Advisor(s): Ian Schneider | Advisor(s): Matthew Brown

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Peter Zeller – Mechanical Engineering

Acoustic Behavior of Oil Drops in Water

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Project Advisor(s): Jaime Juarez | Advisor(s): John Wagner

Abstract: This project introduced the concept of non-contact stirring using a piezoelectric transducer (PZT) around cylindrical obstacles. Investigation into the resonant frequency of various PZT geometries and experimental setups was done to maximize the effect of the acoustic energy transfer to create bulk fluid motion. Through testing guided by manufacturing specifications, the apparatus and PZT that would be used were finalized, and preliminary data collection began. Data that was collected was analyzed using microscopic particle image velocimetry. The efforts from this project were carried on and led to the publication of the results in the Physics of Fluids journal, where mathematical models were compared to the results obtained, and further analysis and discussion occurred.

Leah Christopherson – World Languages & Cultures - French and Spanish

Culturally Sustaining World Language Education

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Project Advisor(s): Sumeyra Gulmezoglu | Advisor(s): Patrick Johnson, Kathy Christensen

Abstract: Culturally sustaining pedagogy is proven to improve academic success, students’ relationship with their racial-ethnic identity, and promoting equity in schools. This study evaluated the cultural sustainability of the French curriculum at Ames High School. By conducting a literature review on culturally sustaining pedagogy, this study found that four questions formulate essential criteria in determining if an activity is culturally sustaining. These questions include 1) Are students’ different learning styles and interests accommodated in the activities? OR Does this activity help students examine the strengths and significance of their culture, family or community? 2) Is this activity related to students’ lives outside the classroom? OR Does this activity involve students in a real-world endeavor? 3) Does this activity promote and enhance students’ thinking dispositions and ability to critique dominant power structures? 4) Does this activity help teachers know and better understand their students, students’ families, and students’ communities? Data was collected on the percentage of activities that met the criteria of culturally sustaining pedagogy. Overall, there is much room for improvement, especially in lower proficiency levels (French 1 or French 2) compared to higher proficiency levels (French 3 or French 4) that are open to challenging discussions.

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Zoe DeKruif – Linguistics

A Survey and Comparison of Syntactic Analysis Systems for Language Description

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Project Advisor(s): Evgeny Chukharev-Hudilainen | Advisor(s): Samantha Robinson-Adams

Abstract: When describing the grammar of a language, it is important to use a system that accurately and completely delivers syntactic information. This is especially prevalent in the documentation of languages, where a language must be effectively described in order to be properly preserved. In order to find an ideal system to document the syntactic information of languages, this project compared the strengths and weaknesses of three different grammar systems used for analyzing and diagramming syntactic relationships. The systems used were Reed-Kellogg, Universal Dependencies, and a tree diagramming system that has been standardized for use in several Iowa State linguistics courses. The analysis was performed using numerous sentences from English and Latin; two well-documented, morphosyntactically diverse languages with the linguistic structure of which I have explicitly studied. In comparing the systems, I used the criteria of non-contradiction, completeness, and parsimony to determine which systems are successful in different grammatical contexts. Additionally, I analyzed the types of information each system was able to record and the specificity of this information.

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Maggie Jirik – Biology (LAS)

Effects of Physical Activity and Quality of Life on Commitment to Sobriety and Substance Abuse Treatment

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Project Advisor(s): Jacob Meyer | Advisor(s): Alexis Atknson

Abstract: Substance use disorder (SUD) is a global health concern. Physical activity (PA) and good quality of life (QOL) might predict SUD treatment success. This study investigated associations between PA and QOL with pre-treatment commitment to sobriety and discharge status. Data from patients (n=988) entering SUD treatment were collected in collaboration with TRAC-9 Informatics. Primary outcomes included commitment to sobriety (Commitment to Sobriety Scale) and discharge status (standard vs. non-standard discharge). Participation in PA (International Physical Activity Questionnaire) was coded based on meeting guidelines (≥150 min/week of moderate-to-vigorous PA). Baseline QOL was assessed with a single question about life satisfaction (poor ([1-5] vs good [6-10]). Regression analyses showed PA was not significantly associated with commitment to sobriety or discharge status (both p>0.05). Patients with poor baseline QOL demonstrated lower commitment to sobriety (β=-0.89, p<0.001), but higher odds of standard discharge compared to those with good QOL (Odds Ratio [95% CI]: 1.48 [1.07-2.04]). The finding that standard discharge was substantially higher for those with poor initial QOL suggests that patients with poor QOL may be more likely to adhere to treatment and that additional strategies may be necessary to retain patients who enter with high baseline QOL, though this warrants further research.

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Elizabeth Jones – English, Women's and Gender Studies

Feminine Heritage within Stitches

Project Advisor(s): Teresa Paschke | Advisor(s): Christiana Langenberg

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Ann Lent – Political Science

The Effect of Title IX Policy on Iowa State University and the United States

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Project Advisor(s): Karen Kedrowski | Advisor(s): Amy Smith

Abstract: This research project had the goal of looking specifically at policy efficacy at the university level. It brings in data from before 1972 at the national and local levels to get an idea of gender equity prior to Title IX policy. It also compares that to data from 2023 to show how we have and have not improved gender equity in the past 50 years. Multiple case studies are used to paint a picture of what it is like to attend Iowa State as a woman in 2023. This is beneficial for future students of Iowa State to have a snapshot of the improvements made by this point in time. This project also examines the data to identify areas that need the most improvement for gender equity at Iowa State. This is beneficial for policy-makers to better understand how to strategically target our weakest areas.

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Allison Loomis – Psychology

Evaluating the Effects of Climate Change Threat on Psychological Need Satisfaction and Authoritarianism

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Project Advisor(s): Craig Anderson | Advisor(s): Whitney Baker

Abstract: This study examined the relationship between climate change threat, authoritarian attitudes, and psychological needs. We hypothesized that climate change threat would increase right-wing authoritarianism (RWA) and social-dominance orientation (SDO) attitudes, and that psychological need deprivation would mediate this relationship. We tested this using t-tests and mediation models with a sample of 301 undergraduates who completed manipulation checks, the Basic Psychological Need Satisfaction and Frustration (BPNSFS), RWA, and SDO7 scales. Participants exposed to climate change threat, compared to the control group, reported more climate change details (M=1.53, SD=.46; M=1.12, SD=.48, t(271)=-7.30, p<.001) and greater negative affect (M=2.08, SD=.90; M=1.78, SD=.70, t(285)=-3.14, p=.002). There was not a significant difference between the climate change threat group and control group on RWA (M=-1.58, SD=1.43; M=-1.51, SD=1.47; t=0.41(280), p=.68) or SDO (M=2.62, SD=1.00; M=2.72, SD=1.05, t=0.76(283), p=.45). Psychological need satisfaction was not a significant mediator between group and RWA (β=−.001 [95% CI: −.023, .016]) or SDO (β=−.000 [95% CI: −.016, .016]). The lack of group differences could be due to a lack of interactive/prolonged threat exposure in the climate change group, or because RWA/SDO are traits. However, our experimental manipulation successfully educated participants on climate change and increased feelings of threat.

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Luke Marzen – Computer Science

Efficient OpenMP GPU Data Transfer through Static Analysis

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Project Advisor(s): Ali Jannesari | Advisor(s): Allyn Kolar

Abstract: Modern computers are becoming increasingly heterogeneous by integrating specialized accelerator hardware, such as GPUs and TPUs, alongside traditional CPUs to improve performance and power efficiency. OpenMP is an interface that enables the development of parallel applications in heterogeneous environments with powerful abstractions that allow developers to write parallel programs in a portable and high-level manner. The efficient management and movement of data on heterogeneous computing platforms is crucial for achieving high utilization. OpenMP lacks automated data availability considerations between kernels, which often results in highly inefficient data transfer unless the programmer explicitly maps data over multiple target regions. The manual process of minimizing data transfer overhead requires programmers to reason about complex data flow across multiple data environments which can be a laborious and error-prone process. To address this problem, we have implemented a novel static analysis tool for C and C++ OpenMP programs that models data dependencies between host and device regions and applies source code transformations. The tool operates on Clang's Abstract Syntax Tree (AST) and utilizes various components of the LLVM compiler infrastructure. The results show that this tool can effectively achieve highly efficient data management for real-world OpenMP GPU programs.

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Jessica Mouw – Public Relations, Psychology

Mind Over Major: How to use Psychology to Succeed in College

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Project Advisor(s): Carolyn Cutrona | Advisor(s):Tyler Schoh

Abstract: The college experience and balancing the various personal, educational, and professional responsibilities that come with it is complicated, to put it lightly. Luckily, there are decades of psychological research on healthful behaviors (exercise, involvement in your community, etc.) and how incorporating them into your routine in college can help your mental health. Unluckily, actually implementing these healthy habits into an already hectic schedule can feel exhausting, defeating, and unrealistic. In the "Mind Over Major: How to Use Psychology to Thrive in College" podcast, I unpacked psychological data on healthful behaviors that improve mental health in college and interviewed real-life college students who have realistically incorporated them into their busy lives. The show covered exercise, reading, on-campus involvement, and therapy, and I hope it can serve as a resource for students who are adapting to campus and may feel daunted by the college experience!

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Maxim Popov – Computer Science

Intersection-tree Performance Optimization: Design, Implementation, and Evaluation

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Project Advisor(s): Ying Cai | Advisor(s): Sita Molacek

Abstract: The Intersection Tree allows for highly efficient processing of rank-aware queries such as top-k, rank, and kNN queries. Unfortunately, the tree is computation-intensive to build. A great portion of the computation cost is feasibility checking, i.e., given a domain space S and a pair of function fi(X) and fj(X), checking if the intersection of the function pair fi(X) = fj(X) partitions S into two parts. The current solution applies the standard Simplex algorithm to compute the maximum and minimum values of F(X) in S. The intersection partitions S if and only if the maximum is positive and the minimum is negative. In this work, we argue that this computation is not necessary. All that we need to determine for feasibility checking is if there exist two inputs X and X’ in S such that fi(X) > fj(X) and fi(X’) < fj(X’). Accordingly, we develop several modifications which search toward the relevant extrema and terminate upon sign change and exploit the similarity of the many slightly different instances. We implement the algorithms and evaluate performance with experimental settings. Our prospective evaluations show that the new approaches incur significantly less computational costs than the original.

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Megan Smith – Biochemistry

Determining the structure and atomic interactions of the BTK-PLCƔ complex

Project Advisor(s): Amy Andreotti | Advisor(s): Elizabeth Zimmerman

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Ranai Srivastav – Computer Science

Duckietown as an Experimental Validation Platform

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Project Advisor(s): Tichakorn Wongpiromsarn | Advisor(s): Allyn Kolar

Abstract: The correctness of autonomous system behavior relies on a robot’s ability to accurately perceive its surroundings. However, object detection models are error-prone and the effect of these uncertainties on system-level behavior is poorly understood. Metrics such as confusion matrices, recall, and precision are used to compare and evaluate the performance of detection models. Prior work presented theories and algorithms that establish new methods of quantifying the effects of these uncertainties such as distance-parameterized confusion matrices and proposition labelled confusion matrices. This work validates these theoretical findings through simulation and hardware experimentation on Duckietown, a city-like autonomy simulation platform. Metrics were calculated using widely available rich datasets such as NuScenes and a custom YOLOv5 model trained on the Duckietown platform. A perception, planning, and control pipeline was implemented for a simple car-pedestrian experiment. These experiments validate the theoretical probability that the system satisfies system-level specifications, given the probability that the predicted class matches the ground truth.

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Karsten Theilen – Biochemistry

Selecting and Testing Activity of Different Mre11/Rad50 Mutations for Use in Single Molecule FRET Assays

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Project Advisor(s): Scott Nelson | Advisor(s): Elizabeth Zimmerman

Abstract: The Mre11/Rad50 (MR) complex of the DNA damage repair system is a first-responder to double-stranded DNA breaks, an extremely serious form of DNA damage. Rad50 is an ABC ATPase that energizes the nuclease activity of Mre11. The ATPase and nuclease activity have been thoroughly studied using ensemble and single molecule assays. Although we know structures indicating the conformations of the MR complex, the frequency of its conformational changes are unclear. We will study the conformational changes using single-molecule FRET assays to understand the movements of the Rad50 coiled-coil domain, and of Mre11 with respect to Rad50, in parallel to the complex’s ATPase and nuclease activity. To study this, we selected sites in both proteins to mutate and label for analysis in FRET assays. Thus far we have focused on Mre11 mutations. For optimal FRET assay results, we chose positions based on distance in accordance with the predicted structures and movement because FRET works best within 10 nm. We compared mutant ATPase and nuclease activity with wild type. We recently began labeling each site using click chemistry and an unnatural amino acid in Mre11 and will soon run cuvette FRET assays to find the best mutants for single molecule FRET.

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Rebekah Veldboom – Environmental Science (LAS)

The Potential Enzymatic Activity in Solid Anaerobic Digestate Compared to Two Soils

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Project Advisor(s): Marshall McDaniel, Ala Khaleel | Advisor(s): Richard Williams

Abstract: Humus bio-digestate, a carbon-rich byproduct solid of anaerobic biogas production, can be applied to fields as an organic fertilizer and used to improve soil health. However, the effects of humus on soil microbial extracellular enzymes remain unclear. To further understand its influence on soil nutrient cycling and potential enzyme activity (PEA), we compared the PEA used in carbon (β-glucosidase (BGAse), cellobiohydrolase (CBH)), nitrogen (N-acetylglucosaminidase (NAGase), tyrosine and leucine aminopeptidases (TAP and LAP)) and phosphorus (phosphatase (PHOSase)) acquisition in a dried, maize-derived digestate and two Iowa soils (sandy vs. clay loam). Measured PEA was greatest for the clay loam soil, excluding PHOSase, for which the sandy soil had greater activity. The humus had very low PEA compared to both soils, perhaps due to denaturation or degradation during the digestion process. This first attempt and future experiments could allow us to better predict carbon and nutrient release when amendments are mixed with soils in the field. This would help growers determine fertilizer rates and better manage soils for plant growth and to enhance other soil ecosystem services like carbon sequestration.

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Mackenzie Vogt – English, Anthropology

Mia's All About Me

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Project Advisor(s): Christiana Langenberg | Advisor(s): Christiana Langenberg, Jen Topp-Segar

Abstract: In children's literature, there has been a call for books to show more diversity, equity, and inclusion. In addition, more children’s books feature animal characters rather than people of color: this inspired my project, Mia's All About Me. This book addresses issues of identity, culture, and acceptance that many children of immigrants and people of color can relate to. When developing my project, I wanted to remember my story and what I wished I could have read as a kid. With that in mind, I focused on the complexity of being from a multicultural household and what it's like for people and yourself to question your identity. After creating this initial idea, I began working on the storyline, focusing on the best language and word choice for my audience. Then, I started working on my illustrations, which used traditional mediums like watercolor in addition to digital artwork. I again kept my audience in mind and implemented diversity through the illustrations. After workshopping my project with my advisor and other faculty members, I used the Honors Program Grant to print copies of my book. After presenting at the Honors Poster Session, these books will be given to the ISU Library, Ames Library, Ames Elementary schools, and other relevant organizations. Overall, I wanted to answer the call for more diverse literature for children, specifically for an audience with similar backgrounds and experiences to my own.

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Elora White – Psychology

Guilt Status and Stress on Miranda Decision-making

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Project Advisor(s): Christian Meissner | Advisor(s): Terry Kruse

Abstract: Miranda rights are an essential part of the interrogation process and can help protect against false confessions. However, many suspects still choose to waive their rights and forego these protections. Past research has suggested that stress, guilt status, and procedural justice views may be risk factors for increasing waiver rates. This in-person study aimed to examine the impact of these different factors on waiver decisions after participants were accused of committing a mock crime and read their Miranda rights. I also explored how guilt status and stress influenced Miranda comprehension. Participants were randomly assigned a stress condition (elevated or baseline) and a guilt status (guilty or innocent). Participants were also given a 12-item procedural justice measure and a Miranda comprehension measure to complete. Data analysis revealed no significant results regarding the impact of these factors on waiver rates or comprehension. Given my study’s limitations, more research should be conducted in this area to ensure that interrogation processes and Miranda warnings are given the appropriate reforms to ensure a protective safeguard against wrongful convictions due to false confessions.

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Sirius Xaedax-Stanley – Sociology (LAS), Psychology

The Need for a New Psychosociological Measurement for External Loci of Hope

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Project Advisor(s): Ramesh Balayar | Advisor(s): Jacque Parker, Whitney Baker

Abstract: The present project is the start of a far more extensive pursuit. For this project I conducted a literature review on the study and measurement of hope, identified a substantial gap in the literature, specifically in terms of measurement. The project includes a preliminary draft of proposed additions to the resource literature–– a psychosociological model and measurement scale on hope for the future from a more collectivistic sociological perspective: one’s level of hope for the future of the planet, humanity, future generations, and the demographic and identity-based groups they belong to, etc.. Hope for that which goes beyond oneself, but may or may not directly relate to or be impacted by one’s own identities and experiences.